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QUOTED MATERIAL AS GRAMMATICAL PART OF SENTENCE --speaker of quote is same as author of book
The opinion of this new group of couples is expressed by Joan Barthel who argues that "when you make the exclusive commitment of a man and a woman each to the other a throwaway thing, desirable but disposable, you have effectively dissolved the grounds for marriage"(133).
STANDARD QUOTED MATERIAL --the speaker is not the same as the author.
The main problem with marriage contracts, if one discounts the effects of seeming distrust between marriage partners, concerns legality. "If a coupld wants to make sure that their agreement has legal force," advises New York lawyer Brenda Feigen-Fasteau, "they should stay unmarried, in which case their contract is like any other private agreement between individuals" (Bernard, 45).
LONGER QUOTED MATERIAL --speaker is introduced before quote; cite includes page only; no quotation marks There have been many concerns expressed over the effect of couples being separated while married. In his critical article Nichols makes this conclusion:
Whether long-distance marriage will facilitate or retard growth and deepening of the relationship between husband and wife is an unknown, and probably depends a great deal on the individuals, their maturity, and on the degree of their commitment to their careers--and to each other (86).Another recent marriage alternative evolving in our society is the idea of sharing roles.
PARAPHRASED MATERIAL If no young children are involved, there is a possibility of success in the long-distance arrangement, but only for those individuals who by their nature enjoy living alone for long periods and who have the independent maturity ot handle it (Smith, 33).
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On-Line Encyclopedia
"Title of article." Encyclopedia Name. Online. Publisher, copyright date.
example:
"Mud Turtle." Encyclopedia Americana. Online. Grolier, 1998.
In parenthetical references in the text, works on the World Wide Web
are cited just like printed works. For any type of source, you must
include information in your text that directs readers to the correct
entry in the works-cited list (see the MLA Handbook). Web documents
generally do not have fixed page numbers or any kind of section
numbering. If your source lacks numbering, you have to omit numbers
from your parenthetical references. If your source includes fixed
page numbers or section numbering (such as numbering of paragraphs),
cite the relevant numbers. Give the appropriate abbreviation before
the numbers: "(Moulthrop, pars. 19-20)." (Pars. is the abbreviation
for paragraphs. Common abbreviations are listed in the MLA Handbook.)
For a document on the Web, the page numbers of a printout should
normally not be cited because the pagination may vary on different
printouts.
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(Guide compiled by Dick Trent, Elk Grove High School science teacher)
The reference list at the end of a journal article documents the article and provides the information necessary to identify and retrieve each source. Authors should choose references judiciously and must include only the sources that were used int he researc and preparation of the article. Note that a reference list cites works that specifcally support a particular article.
References to others' work must be cited internally directly after the information taken from the source. It should be in the author-date format. If the name of the author appears as part of the narrative, cite only the year of the puboication in parentheses, as in the first example. Otherwise, place both the name and theyear, separated by a comma, in parentesis, as in the second example.
1) Rogers (1994) compared reaction times.
2) In a recent study of reaction times (Rogers, 1994)
References cited in text must appear in the reference list; conversely, each entry in the reference list must e cited in the text. You must be sure that each source referenced appears in both places and that the text citation and reference list entry are identical in spelling and year (Publication Manual, 1994).
Following are examples of some of the most-used reference styles from the Publication Manual of the APA (1994).
Examples of references to periodicals
Journal article, one author
Journal article, three to five authors
Magazine article
Book
Daily newspaper article, no author
Daily newspaper article, discontinuous pages
Citation of a work discussed in a secondary source
Edited book
Encyclopedia or dictionary
Entry in an encyclopedia
Elements of a reference to an article or chapter in an edited book
Online information, no author
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